Remember the Titans an Analysis of Different Leadership...

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Mexican Independence - 1279 Words

Mexican Independence In New Spain, the Bourbon monarchies in 1808-1810 encouraged some creoles leaders to strike for total independence under the cover of Ferdinand. On July 1808, Napoleon’s capture of Charles the VI and Ferdinand the VII, and capture of Spain reached Mexico causing intense debate between Mexican elites. Creoles and Peninsulars prepared to take power and ensure their group would have power over the other; New Spain, like other Spanish colonies, went through the crisis of the Bourbon monarchy from 1808- 1810. Yet, in Mexico what pushed for independence from Spain would be the elite’s race for power. The creoles were the first to take action. The Mexico City cabildo called on the viceroy to summon an assembly. It was†¦show more content†¦It was followed by a long period of war at the Siege of Cuautla. Morelos military efforts were hampered by differences with fractious civilian allies and by his decision to establish a representative government at a time. 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Reduce the Cost of Marker Making Free Essays

string(23) " and saves the fabric\." RESEARCH REPORT HOW TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF MARKER MAKING AND DECREASE THE WASTAGE OF FABRIC? TEXTILE INSTITUTE OF PAKISTAN Shakaib Iftikhar (AMM-3) Tariq Zaib(AMM-3) Arsalan Javed(AMM-3) Faiza Noor (AMM-3) TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT4 INTRODUCTION5 OBJECTIVES6 SCOPE OF THE THIS RESEARCH6 LITERATURE REVIEW7 EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY10 RESULTS11 DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS14 CONCLUSION16 APPENDIXES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦17 REFERENCES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦18 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge and extend my heartfelt gratitude to the following persons who have made the completion of this Lecture Notes possible: Our Research Teacher, Ma’am Rakshanda Shah,for her vital encouragement, support and teaching. Ma’am Nazia, our Institute Apparel Lab Assistant, for providing markers and patterns. Mr Gamini, Head of Apparel Department for the constant reminders and much needed motivation. We will write a custom essay sample on Reduce the Cost of Marker Making or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mr Pardeep from Eastern Garments for providing us the lab settings and inspiration he xtended. All the workers and staff of Eastern Garments who helped us in experimentations. Mr Lalith, Mr Salman and Mr Arsalan for assisting in the collection of the topics for the chapters. And Most especially to my family and friends. ABSTRACT Marker is a part of a paper on which the patterns of  all parts of the garments are drawn so that garments can be made by using minimum quantity of fabric. Reducing the quantity means that maker is being made efficient so that fabric wastage can be reduced as much as possible. There are two methods of marker making, the first one is manually in which a specialized marker maker makes the makers and try to utilize all the fabric so that another piece of fabric is not required. The other method is computerized method called Gerber Technology. In it the markers are made in computers and the efficiency is set by computer to decrease the fabric wastage. Saving the fabric is crucial because is decrease the average cost so that profit maximization can occur. After conducting experiments the best method for increasing the marker efficiency is Gerber (computerized). It makes the most efficient markers which decreases the wastage of fabric. This saves the cost and benefits the garment manufactures as they can make several pieces (patterns) out of less fabric. INTRODUCTION In recent years the number of markers required by apparel manufacturers has escalated disproportionately to growth. Orders are getting smaller, the number of different styles is increasing, and lead times are getting shorter  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ all of which put more pressure on the marker making department. So it is no surprise that new automated marker making tools are being launched onto the market. Niki Tait takes a look. The improved fabric utilisation associated with computerised marker making has helped this technology virtually take over from traditional manual methods over the last 25 to 30 years. With fabric accounting for around 50 per cent of the ex-factory cost of a garment (more than 70 per cent in low cost labour countries), the 5 per cent saving associated with automated systems is key. In reality these marker making tools are ‘computer assisted’ rather than ‘computerised,’ with the skill of piece placement still relying on the experience of the marker maker. The computer plays a passive role, controlling the nesting constraints such as tilting, rotation and buffering while the operator makes all the decisions. An experienced marker maker will remember combinations which have worked before, he can see what part might fit into which slot, and he knows what he can tilt slightly off gain to fit. In the last few years, however, CAD companies and research organisations throughout the world have been working to develop systems to produce markers fully automatically. It’s an extremely complex process given all the possible combinations of pattern part placements within a lay, and one that only becomes worthwhile if the material utilisation matches that produced by a skilled marker maker using conventional computer systems. It is only now becoming a viable option as the costs of high speed processing power and memory come down and software developments catch up. But for manufacturers the timing is a happy one as the number of markers – and cost of making them – has escalated disproportionately to growth. Orders are getting smaller, the number of different styles is increasing, and lead times are getting shorter – all of which put more pressure on the marker making department. With automatic marker making a series of parameters can be set. These include: produce the best possible solution in 30 minutes; try different combinations until a minimum of 91 per cent fabric utilisation is achieved; find the best combination within 500 tries etc. The system can be left to work through a batch of instructions unattended both day and night, so time constraints become less of an issue. With most automated systems, however, there is also the ability to combine human intervention within the automated process. Most CAD companies agree this provides for the best solution, particularly where the marker is going to be used for many repeats, on deep, long lays or where expensive fabrics are going to be cut. OBJECTIVES This research has several objectives which are beneficiary for number of reasons. The first objective of this research is to increase the production per hour by increasing the efficiency. Efficiency is directly related to production because if the marker is efficient, it can be easily layed out on he large bundles of fabric. Another objective is to increase the efficiency of the garment, when the marker made is good, the efficiency will increase and overall quality of the garment will be improved. It will also decrease the waste produced by the cutting department since with marker making technology, fabric will be properly utilized. One more major objective is to meet the international quality standards like for example ISO and etc. The objective goal of 83% percent efficiency which is the best in industries currently has to be met. This efficiency had to be tested on manual and computerized in order to find which gives the more efficiency and saves the fabric. You read "Reduce the Cost of Marker Making" in category "Essay examples" SCOPE OF THE THIS RESEARCH One of the benefits of finding the efficiency was that the apparel industries require less labour to produce the garmants. The turnaround time of maker making is faster if done all at one time and pricewise, it will cost less money to manufacture a garment in apparel industries just by paying a flat rate for the whole process versus paying regular prize for each individual job. The markers can be fully customized to fit any costumer’s designing needs and are offered to apparel companies, Professional business people, Artists, People with new design inventions, young designers trying to launch for the first time a collection and people in  general who want to create a small clothing line to sell their designs on an online website store. Turn around time for most jobs done through marker making is faster than making each individual pattern made separately. An efficient marker coordinates and organizes all the work flow to be done for the costumer and spends a great deal of time explaining each little detail of the design process to its design team who will be in charge and responsible for the completion of a given project. Pricewise, making a garment through 83 percent efficient computerized marker will cost a lot less money versus paying five to ten thousand rupees for the making each single pattern by hand. This amount of money is often spend by manufacturing companies who have the obligation of aying all the salaries of their design team which can add up to thousands of rupees every week not forgetting the fact that paying regular prize for each individual pattern will always be more expensive than paying a flat rate for all the work to be done. In addition an efficient maker has many advantages, one of them is the ability to create many pattern and lay them on several fabrics in one location. This requires less space and the compan y can save its lot of space. Turnaround time for all pattern to be made are faster if done all at one time. LITERATURE REVIEW For industrial garments preparation, marker making is a very important chapter for highest usage of fabric and for lowest wastage of fabric. This is a process which is performed to draw the pattern pieces on the fabric before cutting. This may be done by drawing the pattern pieces on the fabric directly or by drawing the pattern pieces on a thin marker paper and then placement the paper onto the fabric lay. So, we can define the marker as bellow. Marker is a thin paper which contains all necessary pattern pieces for all sizes for a particular style of garments in such a way that, fabric wastage would be least. The representation or drawing of the arrangement of identified garment pattern relevant to the cutting of a batch material. The marker is placed on the material and provides guideline for cutting. Marker may be on fabric or held in computer data files. Marker width is equal to the minimum fabric width and its length depends on the no of pattern sizes that will be drawn. Preparations of Marker Making Before the marker making, some preparatory processes would be followed. The processes are discussed ago (In preparatory processes chapter). Without those, some others preparations are * Marking Grain Line : Before marker making, the grain line of pattern and fabric must be marked. * Fabric Measurement : Before marker planning, the fabric must be measured carefully. Because, marker width is relevant to the minimum fabric width. * Fabric Faults : Fabric faults would be also under consideration. In a fabric roll, where any faults found, that points must be avoided for quality production and to least the fabric wastage. * Cutting Table : Marker planner should consider the cutting table length before making marker. Marker length must be less than the cutting table length. Constraints of Marker Making During marker making, the work of the marker planner is subjected to a number of constraints. These relate to i. The nature of the fabric and the desired result in the finished garment. ii. The requirements of quality in cutting. iii. The requirements of production planning. The nature of the fabric and the desired result in the finished garment * Pattern alignment in relation to the grain of the fabric, pattern pieces normally carry a grain line. When pattern pieces are laid down the piece of cloth, the grain line should lie parallel to the line of the warp in a woven fabric or the wales in a knitted fabric. Where pattern pieces are laid across the piece, the grain line should lie parallel to the weft or course direction. If the marker planner lays down a pattern outside the stated rules for grain lines, then the finished garment will not hang and drape correctly when worn. This requirement to follow the grain lines restricts the freedom of the marker planner in choosing how to lay the patterns in the marker. * Symmetry or Asymmetry Many fabrics can be turned round (through 180. ) and retain the same appearance are called symmetrical. They require no special attention during marker making. Asymmetrical fabrics are those which are turned (through 180. ) and do not retain the same appearance. Examples of such fabrics are pile which is brushed in one direction and which show different reflection of light. The marker should be planned in such a way that it is in accordance with symmetry, asymmetry of the fabric. All pattern pieces of a garment should be along the same direction when laid down on a symmetrical fabric. * Design characteristics of the finished garments If a vertical stripe does not show a complete mirror image repeat, the right and left sides of a garment may be mirror images of each other. In this case, a pattern should be placed on checks in such a way that the design matches when sewing up. During marker planning, a marker maker must have to think about matching the checks and stripes in a garment. His freedom is restricted here. So I think it?  ¦s a constraints for a marker maker. The Requirements of Quality in Cutting * For majority of cutting situations where a knife blade is used, the placements of the pattern pieces in the marker must give freedom of knife movement. A blade, which has width, cannot turn a perfect right angle in the middle of pattern piece and space must always be allowed for a knife to turn such corners. The amount of space depends on the actual cutting method employed. * Pattern count check that the complete menu of pattern has been included. * Correct labeling of cut garments parts is essential to identify correctly the garment parts for whole garment sizes. It is the responsibility of the marker planner to code every pattern pieces with its sizes as the marker is planned. The Requirements of Production Planning When an order placed for a quantity of garments, normally specifies a quantity of each size and colour. If the sewing room requires the cut work urgently, the marker may make two markers. 1. Short marker and 2. Long marker. * For long marker, it can be made according to the size proportion and different sizes. This process is very much efficient and takes more time and increased shade variation. * For short marker and for the particular order two marker can be made, this process is less efficient but takes less time and more production and small cutting table. For complex garments long markers generally offer more opportunities for savings than do short ones. * The more sizes that included in a marker, the greater are the scope for fabric savings. Greater fabric savings and after lower total cost would normally result, from cutting a stepped lay with paper markers on top. However, though for greater efficiency, a marker maker needs opportunity to work with freedom, but for maintainin g proper quality some criteria must be followed. That is why there are some constraints of marker making. Methods of Marker Making There are two methods of marker making. i. Manual method. ii. Computerized method. Here marker is produced in two ways. 1. Marker drawn directly on fabric lay. 2. Marker drawn on marker paper. EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY In order to find out which method gives near 83 % efficiency, the data collected was analyzed by the means of statistical mathematics. 5 samples had to be selected from each; 1. Manual Marker Making 2. Computerized Marker Making The computerized Marker making will be further tested using 7 different computerized machines for making markers. In total there were 5 samples from manual and 35 samples from Computerized Marker Making which means that there were total 40 samples of markers. 75 yards of fabric was used to lay markers on them. Each technique and machine was given 175 yards of fabric and the total fabric utilized was 7000 yards. The experiment was done 200 times in order to get 5 samples from each technique and method. In order to find out the efficiency, there is a formula which calculates it. The formula is Area of the patterns X 100 Area of the marker Out of 200 samples 40 samples were selected through simple random selection. 5 samples were selected from manual marker and 35 samples were selected from computerized marker making. After sampling the results were put in the table and the mean of efficiency was calculated for the left out samples in order to find out how much efficiency at max could be given. RESULTS The 5 selected samples from each method and technique were taken out and their efficiency was calculated. After getting their efficiency they were put in the table to find out the mean efficiency produced by them. MANUAL MARKER MAKING Sample 1 | Sample 2| Sample 3| Sample 4| Sample 5| 76. 56% | 78. 34%| 67. 66%| 61. 2%| 67. 3%| Mean efficiency of manual marker making= 70. 2 % Efficiency from manual marker making can be of maximum 70. % but the required efficiency is 83% which makes the saves the fabric most. COMPUTERIZED MARKER MAKING LECTRA Sample 1| Sample 2| Sample 3| Sample 4 | Sample 5 | 81| 80| 79. 9| 79. 7| 81. 3| Mean efficiency from Lectra = 80. 38% Efficiency from Lectra marker making can be of maximum 80. 38 % but the required efficiency is 83% which makes the saves the fabric most. COMPU TERIZED MARKER MAKING NESTER Sample 1| Sample 2 | Sample 3 | Sample 4| Sample 5| 78. 9 | 77. 7| 81. 2| 81. 3| 80. 18| Mean efficiency from Nester = 79. 85% Efficiency from Nester marker making can be of maximum 79. 5 % but the required efficiency is 83% which makes the saves the fabric most. COMPUTERIZED MARKER MAKING GERBER Sample 1| Sample 2| Sample 3 | Sample 4 | Sample 5| 85| 86| 82. 3| 83. 3| 83| Mean efficiency from Gerber = 83. 92% Efficiency from Gerber marker making can be of maximum 83. 92 % and the required efficiency is 83% which saves the fabric most and it means that Gerber met the required efficiency percentage. Sample 1| Sample 2| Sample 3 | Sample 4 | Sample 5| 82| 82. 2| 81. 37| 82. 67| 82. 73| COMPUTERIZED MARKER MAKING AUTOMATIC NESTER Mean efficiency from Automatic Nester = 82. 1% Efficiency from Automatic Nester marker making can be of maximum 82. 1 % and the required efficiency is 83% which saves the fabric most. COMPUTERIZED MARKER MAKING ASSYST BULLER Sample 1| Sample 2| Sample 3 | Sample 4 | Sample 5| 81| 79. 8| 81. 8| 81| 80| Mean efficiency from Assyst Bullmer= 80. 72% Efficiency from Assyst Bullmer marker making can be of maximum 80. 72 % and the required efficiency is 83% which saves the fabric most. Sample 1| Sample 2| Sample 3 | Sample 4 | Sample 5| 82. 33| 82. 23| 81. 36| 82. 90| 82. 88| COMPUTERIZED MARKER MAKING TUKATECH Mean efficiency from Tukatech = 82. 34% Efficiency from Tukatech marker making can be of maximum 82. 34 % and the required efficiency is 83% which saves the fabric most. DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS Lectra Because material savings are a fundamental factor for every apparel firm, Lectra has spent the last 25 years developing solutions that apply state-of-the-art technology for material optimisation. Diamino V4 is its latest computer assisted version which, when combined with Expert V4, provides an automatic marker-making tool that can handle all kinds of fabrics and generate entire markers or complete partially operator-processed markers. Lectra says its â€Å"intelligent software† takes into account the specific requirements of different garments, fabrics and pattern pieces. Gerber Technology Maximizing fabric utilisation is not the only consideration of marker making: the time it takes is increasingly important too. Gerber Technology has modified its AccuMark and Micromark software to allow parts to be rotated according to specified laying and style rules. The grain line deviation can also be defined. For the actual automation of the marker production its software has been integrated with Nester Server. Nester Nester is available in two versions: NesterServer as an upgrade to CAD systems from Gerber, Assyst, Asahi, Toray, PAD and VetiGraph; and the Nester complete nesting system. This software tool automatically generates cost-effective markers for production, costing and engineering. It also combines automatic and semi-automatic options. The company claims Nester’s return on investment is realised in under six months. Fabric savings with automatic nesting Nester Inc offers this real-life example of a sportswear manufacturer cutting $30 million of fabric annually. Four production markers were given to Nester to process automatically. On average, Nester generated layouts that were superior to CAD-based manual results by 1. 05 per cent. The average length used in the four markers was 714. 21 cm with Nester and 721. 85 cm with traditional CAD-based manual nesting. On average, NESTER outperformed a CAD operator by 7. 64 cm, or 1. 05 per cent. If this saving were extended over the entire marker population in this factory, 1. 05 per cent fabric savings would equate to $315,000 per annum. Pad Systems Although Pad Systems’ software integrates with Nester, it also has its own automatic marker making system. Within this, individual pattern pieces are directly related to the base pattern piece, so any changes to the pattern are automatically reflected in the marker. This feature is important in a fast changing fashion industry where patterns may be modified several times throughout the development of a style. New markers are based on a similar, though previously manually made, marker of a comparable style and material. Thus Pad’s automatic marker combines the original manual skill of the marker maker with the processing speed of the computer. This combination, the company explains, results in similar fabric utilisation but the new marker is achieved in a fraction of the time. Assyst Bullmer Assyst Bullmer no longer supplies automatic marker making software to its customers, explaining that automarker. com uses the most up-to-date software, is maintenance-free, and is available 24/7. On their own CAD systems customers define the width of marker, the sizes to plan and constraints such as whether rotation or twisting off grain is allowed. This is then sent to the website and the results download by the factory or sub contractor. Users include manufacturers in Eastern Europe where the comparable cost of manual lay planning on a CAD system would be low. Tukatech Tukatech’s automatic marker making facility is called Nest ++ and is of particular use in helping cater for overload or rush orders, for large ratio markers and to estimate the best efficiencies on many fabric widths during pre-production. Efficiencies are said to be comparable to manually placing pieces in the CAD system (approximately 1 to 3   per cent difference). Users can start a marker with manual placement and Nest++ will finish the job automatically. Benefits are said to include increases in material efficiency with subsequent decreases in material waste, time and labour savings in making markers; improvements in overall marker quality; tighter markers; avoidance of backlogs during peak periods; and fast, precise cost proposals for clients. FINDINGS After experimentation the GERBER machine, is the best in reducing waste and giving the more efficiency. It is better to install Gerber rather than installing any other experimented CAD machine. Manual should be eliminated as the system is very faulty and old. CONCLUSION In manual system the system is used to make maker for garment making is traditional. But in CAD system marker making is done in modern system. Marker efficiencies are not visible in manual system. Other hand, marker efficiency is visible in CAD system. Marker length is not visible in manual system while Marker length is visible in monitor screen at CAD system. In manual, once marker is made, it is not possible to increase its efficiency. But in CAD it is possible to increase the efficiency at any time possible which means that fabric can be saved. In manual if the marker is layed, nothing can be done about it. Marker copying is not possible manually, so it is very time consuming to trace each and every other marker out there. In CAD, by using Plotter as much as possible copy can be done. Manual marker making is very time consuming method whereas, CAD is a faster method. In manual system quality cannot be assured, sometimes markers can be good other times really faulty but in CAD, it has quality assurance. Even though manual system costing is low, CAD is expensive but the labour cost reduced saves cost in the long terms and since markers can be utilized again and again there is no special need of hiring a professional marker maker to make the atterns and lay them on fabrics. Out of all the CAD system Gerber turned out to be the best since it has an automatic efficiency calculator and it evens shows and tells that this much amount of fabric would be wasted if the efficiency percentage is low. Therefore, apparel industries are recommended to use Gerber as their primary source for making Patte rns and makers. APPENDIXES 1. Marker Making Marker is a part of a paper on which the patterns of  all parts of the garments are drawn so that garments can be made by usingminimum quantity of fabric. 2. Marker Efficiency The efficiency of marker making means that how efficient it is in saving the fabric. 3. Computerized Marker Making Markers which are made through the means of Computer 4. Manual Marker Making Markers which are prepared manually by a trained professional 5. Laying The putting of patterns/makers on the bundles of fabric. 6. Plotter This is in computerized maker making. In plotter line diagrams of patterns or makers are drawn. REFERENCES 1. Garment Construction Skills (Premlata Mullick) 2. Apparel Manufacturing (Sewn Product Analysis) 3. Patternmaking for Gerber Technology (Helen Joseph-armstrong) 4. www. scribd. com/doc/61990320/Marker-Making How to cite Reduce the Cost of Marker Making, Essay examples

Globalization and Education Integration and Contestation

Question: Discuss about the Globalization and Education for Integration and Contestation. Answer: Introduction: The Queensland University of Technology is a research university that is located in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It is a public university that boasts of three campuses: one in Gardens Point, one in Kelvin Grove and another in Caboolture. The educational institute has close links with the relevant industries and pertinent teaching as well as applied research. There are many contributions to the course development, which are aided by the industry representatives and the professionals, which helps to add a practical point of view to the theoretical education. The institute has a large number of student enrolments. In the year 2014, 47,229 students enrolled into the Queensland University of Technology (Baron Corbin, 2012). There are about 12,983 staffs in the institute. The total revenue gathered by the university in the year 2014 was $ 907 million. This report analyses the competitive and the marketing environment of the Queensland University of Technology. It discusses the backgr ound, market summary, demand assessment, segmentation and target market. It also discusses the current marketing mix analysis, PEST analysis, and SWOT analysis. The write up analyses a close competitor of the university and the analysis of the value and brand positioning. The Queensland University of Technology a research university that is located in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The educational institute was established in the year 1989. However, the institute traces its history from the year 1849 from the Brisbane School of Arts. In the year 1882, it was transformed into the Brisbane Technical College. Originally the college had just 80 students, however, the number rose to 1000 students during the great economic depression of the early 1890s. In the year 1908, the Brisbane Technical College became Central Technical College, which became a pivotal institution for vocational training and apprenticeship guidance for men as well as women. Gradually the technical and professional courses provided by the Central Technical College, moved to the Queensland Institute of Technology. In the year 1911, the Brisbane Kindergarten Training College was established. It initially had an enrolment of five students ("Home", 2017). In the year 1946, the Brisbane Ki ndergarten Training College introduced a three-year course, which led to an increase in the number of students. The Queensland Teachers Training College comprised of a strength of 25 students. It moved to Kelvin Grove in the year 1942. It had a strength of 676 students, who were mostly registered in the primary teaching course. In the year 1944, the Queensland Teachers Training College converted into the Senior Teachers Training College.It was renamed as Kelvin Grove Teachers College in the year 1961. The Kelvin Grove Teachers College transformed into the Kelvin Grove College of Advanced Education from the year 1976. The Kedron Park Teachers College opened in the year 1961 with a strength of 192 students. In the year 1974, the Kedron Park Teachers College converted to the North Brisbane College of Advanced Education ("Home", 2017). The Brisbane Kindergarten Teachers College, in the year 1982 amalgamated with other three teaching institutions to form the Brisbane College of Advanced Education. The Queensland Institute of Technology (QIT) was established at Gardens Point. The QIT comprised of six departments. They are: Chemistry building general studies business studies engineering architecture In the year 1965, the QIT only had 4,634 students which rose to 7,665 by the year 1981. The demand for courses offered at the Queensland Institute of Technology kept on growing during the 1980s and it later became the Queensland University of Technology (Gibb, Haskins Robertson, 2012). The Queensland University of Technology (QUT) is one of the most prominent of the educational institutes of Australia. It has a global outlook with a practical and real world focus. The university has over 48,000 students, which is a strong point of the university. The number of international students of the educational institute is almost 8000. There are students from almost 1000 countries. The university offers about 650 postgraduate and undergraduate courses ("Home", 2017). These courses include widespread research programs and deliver a practical approach based curriculum that is aimed at developing a practical point of view and real world outcomes (Collis Hussey, 2013). The university offers a varied range of subjects and courses that the students can pursue. There are many options like the following: Building and planning Business Creative, design and performance Education Engineering Health and community Information technology Languages, including English language pathway programs Law and justice Science and mathematics The educational institute provides scope to the students to achieve practical knowledge and also a practical workplace experience and priceless connections and network to the industries. According to a study conducted in the year 2017, the Queensland University of Technology (QUT), ranks the 1st in the Australia and 24th in the world for Communications and Media Studies. The QIT ranks the 9th in the country for Nursing and the 42nd in the world for the same course. The QUT ranks 7th in Australia in the QS Graduate Employability Ranking by Subject in the year 2017 ("Home", 2017). Demand assessment, segmentation and target market: In the world today, the need for staying ahead of the curve than anybody else has become the utmost important need of the time. There is the presence of immense competition in every sector of the world. Students from all over the world need to be on top of the competitive race. The Queensland University of Technology offers many courses that are supportive of making the students ready for the practical world by providing them with relevant exposure, knowledge and experience (Jones et al., 2012). The market segmentation of the QUT is based on the demand of the vocational and professional courses that are offered by the university to the students. The market for the students preferring vocational courses is wide and has many scopes. The university ranks the 276th in the QS World University Rankings. Of the total student population, 85% comprises of the undergraduate student and 15% comprises of the postgraduate students (Gale Parker, 2013). About 54% of the undergraduate students and 46% of the postgraduate students are international students. The target market for the QUT is the group of students who aim for getting a vocational education so that they are well ahead in the competition(Curtin, 2017). Marketing mix analysis: The analysis of the four Ps of the marketing mix is necessary for understanding the method in which a new product or service is taken to the market. It is helpful in defining the market options in terms of price, product, place and promotion. This is requires so that the product or service that is offered, meets the expectation of a particular need or demand of the customer (Lozano et al., 2013). In this context, the four Ps of the QUT is essential for the analysis of the university. The price of the courses offered in the university is moderately high with the 2018 pay structure as follows: Unit/ Study Load Study Abroad tuition fee 3 units (36 credit points) A$7,743 4 units (48 credit points) A$10,324 5 units (60 credit points) A$12,905 Thus, it can be seen that the tuition fee of the institute is moderately high but is still affordable (Jones et al., 2012). The product here is the array of courses offered by the QUT. The courses offered at the QUT are mainly vocational based. It means that the courses are based on the real life practical knowledge, which helps the students to deal with the real life problems in the future (Kaiser et al., 2014). The courses that are offered by QUT include building and planning courses, business courses, creative design and performance courses, education courses, engineering courses, health and community courses, information and technology courses, English and pathway programs, Law and justice courses, and science and mathematics courses (Curtin, 2017). The university has three branches in three locations, namely, Gardens Point, Kelvin Grove and Caboolture. This means that the immense popularity and the varied range of courses that are offered in the QUT, attracts a lot of students which has made the management of the QUT to spread out the courses offered to the three branches so that the students can be accommodated (Armstrong et al., 2014). PEST Analysis: Political factors Economic factors Social factors Technological factors The existing government in Australia places importance on the education system. So, AUT can benefit greatly from the decision. The current economy is dwindling and thus, people are choosing for courses that can ensure a return on their investment (Christie Misson, 2012). QUT thus can attract many students owing to the practical courses that are offered. The need for practical knowledge based courses is important for the world of today (Krueger Casey, 2014) . Thus, the QUT has a positive point in the section of social factors. The QUT has a lot of scope for introducing many technological innovations in its system. The institute already is very much in tune with the technology that is prevalent worldwide (Christie Misson, 2012). Brand and value positioning In the day and age of today, QUT positions highly in the education market solely because it offers such a wide range of courses that are based on practical knowledge. It prepares the students for the real, practical world. It is running a sustainable business as the need for courses that impart practical knowledge and ensures a job is going to be popular amongst the students at all times (Christie Misson, 2012). The uniqueness of the brand of QUT lies in the massive range of courses that are offered. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be said conclusively that the Queensland University of Technology offers a great variety of practical knowledge to the students, which is imparted through the array of courses that are offered by the university. There are about 12,983 staffs in the institute, which denotes the huge popularity of the educational institute. The total revenue gathered by the university in the year 2014 was $ 907 million. With the current economic scenario, such practical knowledge based courses are the order of the day. The university prepares the students to take on the challenges of the real world. References: Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S., Kotler, P. (2014).Principles of marketing. Pearson Australia. Baron, P., Corbin, L. (2012). Student engagement: rhetoric and reality.Higher Education Research Development,31(6), 759-772. Christie, F., Misson, R. (Eds.). (2012).Literacy and schooling. Routledge. Collis, J., Hussey, R. (2013).Business research: A practical guide for undergraduate and postgraduate students. Palgrave macmillan. Curtin, M. (2017). Queensland University of Technology. Gale, T., Parker, S. (2013). Widening participation in Australia in higher education. Gibb, A., Haskins, G., Robertson, I. (2012). Leading the entrepreneurial university: Meeting the entrepreneurial development needs of higher education institutions. InUniversities in Change(pp. 9-45). Springer New York. Home. (2017). QUT. Retrieved 13 April 2017, from https://www.qut.edu.au/ Jones, S., Lefoe, G., Harvey, M., Ryland, K. (2012). Distributed leadership: A collaborative framework for academics, executives and professionals in higher education.Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management,34(1), 67-78. Kaiser, F., Maassen, P., Meek, L., van Vught, F., de Weert, E., Goedegebuure, L. (Eds.). (2014).Higher education policy: An international comparative perspective. Elsevier. Krueger, R. A., Casey, M. A. (2014).Focus groups: A practical guide for applied research. Sage publications. Lozano, R., Lukman, R., Lozano, F. J., Huisingh, D., Lambrechts, W. (2013). Declarations for sustainability in higher education: becoming better leaders, through addressing the university system.Journal of Cleaner Production,48, 10-19. Sharrock, G. (2012). Four management agendas for Australian universities.Journal of higher education policy and management,34(3), 323-337. Croucher, G., Woelert, P. (2016). Institutional isomorphism and the creation of the unified national system of higher education in Australia: an empirical analysis.Higher Education, 1-15. Stromquist, N. P., Monkman, K. (Eds.). (2014).Globalization and education: Integration and contestation across cultures. RL Education.